Flutter build error: Unsupported class file major version 65 due to JDK version mismatch (?)

I’m currently working on a Flutter project, but encountering build operation errors related to JDK versions. Android toolchain is using JDK 21.0.3, whereas my system has only JDK 18.0.2.1 installed. My JAVA_HOME and env path are configured to use JDK 18.0.2.1. I suspect that this mismatch might be causing errors with tasks such as generateDebugUnitTestConfig for multiple plugins (e.g., flutter_plugin_android_lifecycle, image_picker_android, etc.) (I might be wrong, please correct me if I’m wrong).

I’m encountering an issue when trying to run my Flutter project with the command flutter run. I receive the following error message:

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* What went wrong:
Execution failed for task ':gradle:compileGroovy'.
> BUG! exception in phase 'semantic analysis' in source unit 'C:srcflutterpackagesflutter_toolsgradlesrcmaingroovyapp_plugin_loader.groovy'
Unsupported class file major version 65

* Try:
> Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace.
> Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output.
> Run with --scan to get full insights.

* Get more help at https://help.gradle.org

BUILD FAILED in 14s
Running Gradle task 'assembleDebug'... 15.3s

Flutter Fix
[!] Your project's Gradle version is incompatible with the Java version that Flutter is using for Gradle.

If you recently upgraded Android Studio, consult the migration guide at docs.flutter.dev/go/android-java-gradle-error.

Otherwise, to fix this issue, first, check the Java version used by Flutter by running `flutter doctor --verbose.

Then, update the Gradle version specified in E:App
Flutterlearn4_flutterandroidgradlewrappergradle-wrapper.properties to be compatible with that Java version. See the link below for more information on compatible Java/Gradle versions: https://docs.gradle.org/current/userguide/compatibility.html#java

Error: Gradle task assembleDebug failed with exit code 1

What I Tried:

1. I ran flutter doctor -v, and the output shows that the JDK used by Android toolchain is version 21.0.3. However, I only have JDK version 18.0.2.1 installed on my device.

[√] Flutter (Channel stable, 3.19.1, on Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.19045.5011], locale en-US)

• Flutter version 3.19.1 on channel stable at C:srcflutter

• Upstream repository ``https://github.com/flutter/flutter.git

• Framework revision abb292a07e (8 months ago), 2024-02-20 14:35:05 -0800

• Engine revision 04817c99c9

• Dart version 3.3.0

• DevTools version 2.31.1

[√] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices (Android SDK version 34.0.0)

• Android SDK at C:UsersKenAppDataLocalAndroidsdk

• Platform android-34-ext10, build-tools 34.0.0

• Java binary at: C:Program FilesAndroidAndroid Studiojbrbinjava

• Java version OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 21.0.3+-12282718-b509.11)

• All Android licenses accepted.

2. I attempted to sync the Gradle project, but I received multiple build operation failures related to tasks for various plugins (e.g., flutter_plugin_android_lifecycle, image_picker_android).

Multiple build operations failed.     

Could not create task ':flutter_plugin_android_lifecycle:generateDebugUnitTestConfig'.     

Could not create task ':image_picker_android:generateDebugUnitTestConfig'.     

Could not create task ':local_auth_android:generateDebugUnitTestConfig'.     

Could not create task ':path_provider_android:generateDebugUnitTestConfig'.     

Could not create task ':shared_preferences_android:generateDebugUnitTestConfig'.     

Could not create task ':flutter_plugin_android_lifecycle:generateDebugUnitTestConfig'.     

this and base files have different roots: E:App-Flutterlearn4_flutterbuildflutter_plugin_android_lifecycle and C:UsersKenAppDataLocalPubCachehostedpub.devflutter_plugin_android_lifecycle-2.0.19android.

Questions:

1. Is the mismatch between JDK 21.0.3 and 18.0.2.1 the root cause of the error?
2. Do I need to move my project folder to the path indicated in the error message, or is there a better solution?
3. How can I ensure that Android toolchain uses the correct JDK version (18.0.2.1) instead of 21.0.3?
4. HOW CAN I FIX THIS PROBLEM?

addition info:

• JAVA_HOME
  

• env path
  

• version check with cmd
  

• java installed on my device
  

• gradle

File gradle-wrapper.properties:

distributionBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME

distributionPath=wrapper/dists

zipStoreBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME

zipStorePath=wrapper/dists

distributionUrl=https://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-7.5-all.zip 

android/app/build.gradle:

plugins {
    id "com.android.application"
    id "kotlin-android"
    id "dev.flutter.flutter-gradle-plugin"
}

def localProperties = new Properties()
def localPropertiesFile = rootProject.file('local.properties')
if (localPropertiesFile.exists()) {
    localPropertiesFile.withReader('UTF-8') { reader ->
        localProperties.load(reader)
    }
}

def flutterVersionCode = localProperties.getProperty('flutter.versionCode')
if (flutterVersionCode == null) {
    flutterVersionCode = '1'
}

def flutterVersionName = localProperties.getProperty('flutter.versionName')
if (flutterVersionName == null) {
    flutterVersionName = '1.0'
}

android {
    namespace "com.example.learn4_flutter"
    compileSdkVersion flutter.compileSdkVersion
    ndkVersion flutter.ndkVersion

    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
        targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
    }

    kotlinOptions {
        jvmTarget = '1.8'
    }

    sourceSets {
        main.java.srcDirs += 'src/main/kotlin'
    }

    defaultConfig {
        // TODO: Specify your own unique Application ID (https://developer.android.com/studio/build/application-id.html).
        applicationId "com.example.learn4_flutter"
        // You can update the following values to match your application needs.
        // For more information, see: https://docs.flutter.dev/deployment/android#reviewing-the-gradle-build-configuration.
        minSdkVersion flutter.minSdkVersion
        targetSdkVersion flutter.targetSdkVersion
        versionCode flutterVersionCode.toInteger()
        versionName flutterVersionName
    }

    buildTypes {
        release {
            // TODO: Add your own signing config for the release build.
            // Signing with the debug keys for now, so `flutter run --release` works.
            signingConfig signingConfigs.debug
        }
    }
}

flutter {
    source '../..'
}

dependencies {}

android/build.gradle:

buildscript {
    ext.kotlin_version = '1.7.10'
    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()
    }

    dependencies {
        classpath "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:$kotlin_version"
    }
}

allprojects {
    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()
    }
}

rootProject.buildDir = '../build'
subprojects {
    project.buildDir = "${rootProject.buildDir}/${project.name}"
}
subprojects {
    project.evaluationDependsOn(':app')
}

tasks.register("clean", Delete) {
    delete rootProject.buildDir
}

Any assistance would be greatly appreciated!