How can I get my own user attributes (Email, UPN etc.) from Azure AD by using an interactive login?

Create an Azure AD application and grant User.Read API permission:

Generate the auth-code by using below endpoint and sign-in with the user account:

https://login.microsoftonline.com/TenantID/oauth2/v2.0/authorize?
&client_id=ClientID
&response_type=code
&redirect_uri=https://replyUrlNotSet
&response_mode=query
&scope=https://graph.microsoft.com/.default
&state=12345

You can make use of below code to get the singed in user details:

using Microsoft.Graph;
using Azure.Identity;

class Program
{
    static async Task Main(string[] args)
    {
        
        var scopes = new[] { "User.Read" };
        var tenantId = "TenantID";
        var clientId = "ClientID";
        var clientSecret = "ClientSecret";
        var authorizationCode = "authcodefromabove";

        var options = new AuthorizationCodeCredentialOptions
        {
            AuthorityHost = AzureAuthorityHosts.AzurePublicCloud,
        };

        var authCodeCredential = new AuthorizationCodeCredential(
            tenantId, clientId, clientSecret, authorizationCode, options);

        var graphClient = new GraphServiceClient(authCodeCredential, scopes);

        try
        {
            // Fetch user details using GET request to Microsoft Graph API
            var result = await graphClient.Me.GetAsync();

            // Output user details
            Console.WriteLine($"User ID: {result.Id}");
            Console.WriteLine($"Display Name: {result.DisplayName}");
            Console.WriteLine($"Email: {result.Mail}");
            Console.WriteLine($"Job Title: {result.JobTitle}");
            // Add more properties as needed

        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"Error fetching user details: {ex.Message}");
        }
    }
}

Modify the code and use the below to get the details you require:

    try
        {
            var result = await graphClient.Me
                .GetAsync((requestConfiguration) =>
                {
                    requestConfiguration.QueryParameters.Select = new string[] { "displayName", "id", "officeLocation", "givenName", "businessPhones", "jobTitle", "mobilePhone", "preferredLanguage", "surname", "userPrincipalName", "mail" };
                });

            // Output user details
            Console.WriteLine($"User ID: {result.Id}");
            Console.WriteLine($"Display Name: {result.DisplayName}");
            Console.WriteLine($"Email: {result.Mail}");
            Console.WriteLine($"Job Title: {result.JobTitle}");
            Console.WriteLine($"Business Phones: {string.Join(",", result.BusinessPhones)}");
            Console.WriteLine($"Given Name: {result.GivenName}");
            Console.WriteLine($"Mobile Phone: {result.MobilePhone}");
            Console.WriteLine($"Office Location: {result.OfficeLocation}");
            Console.WriteLine($"Preferred Language: {result.PreferredLanguage}");
            Console.WriteLine($"Surname: {result.Surname}");
            Console.WriteLine($"User Principal Name: {result.UserPrincipalName}");
            // Add more properties as needed

        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"Error fetching user details: {ex.Message}");
        }
    }
}

And get response like below:

UPDATED: To make use of Interactive browser credential flow make use of below code:

using Microsoft.Graph;
using Azure.Identity;

class Program
{
    static async Task Main(string[] args)
    {

        var scopes = new[] { "User.Read" };


var tenantId = "TenantID";
var clientId = "ClientID";
var options = new InteractiveBrowserCredentialOptions
{
    TenantId = tenantId,
    ClientId = clientId,
    AuthorityHost = AzureAuthorityHosts.AzurePublicCloud,
    // MUST be http://localhost or http://localhost:PORT
    // See https://github.com/AzureAD/microsoft-authentication-library-for-dotnet/wiki/System-Browser-on-.Net-Core
    RedirectUri = new Uri("http://localhost"),
};

// https://learn.microsoft.com/dotnet/api/azure.identity.interactivebrowsercredential
var interactiveCredential = new InteractiveBrowserCredential(options);

var graphClient = new GraphServiceClient(interactiveCredential, scopes);

        try
        {
            // Fetch user details using GET request to Microsoft Graph API
            var result = await graphClient.Me.GetAsync();

            // Output user details
            Console.WriteLine($"User ID: {result.Id}");
            Console.WriteLine($"Display Name: {result.DisplayName}");
            Console.WriteLine($"Email: {result.Mail}");
            Console.WriteLine($"Job Title: {result.JobTitle}");
            // Add more properties as needed

        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"Error fetching user details: {ex.Message}");
        }
    }
}