Pandas dataframe to Json transform - pythonic way

APS
December 30, 2023
101 views
4 votes
4 Answers

I am bit rusty in pandas to json transforms.
I have a pandas data frame like this for a fictional library:

userId	visitId	readingTime	Books	BookType
u1	1	300	book1,book2,book3	Fiction
u2	1	400	book4,book5	Horror
u2	2	250	book6	Romance

Need to create a json that is like:

{
  "visitSummary": {
    "u1": [
      {
        "readingTime": 300,
        "Books": [
          "book1",
          "book2",
          "book3"
        ],
        "BookType": "Fiction"
      }
    ],
    "u2": [
      {
        "readingTime": 400,
        "Books": [
          "book4",
          "book5"
        ],
        "BookType": "Horror"
      },
      {
        "readingTime": 250,
        "Books": [
          "book6"
        ],
        "BookType": "Romance"
      }
    ]
  }
}

I was thinking to do it using nested loops and processing each row. I am hoping, there is a simpler pythonic way to do it.

Using Python 3.10 and pandas 2.1.4

Answers

You don’t need nested loops, just one loop would do. Here’s one way to do this:

import pandas as pd
import json

# Assuming this is your DataFrame
data = {
    'userId': ['u1', 'u2', 'u2'],
    'visitId': [1, 1, 2],
    'readingTime': [300, 400, 250],
    'Books': ['book1,book2,book3', 'book4,book5', 'book6'],
    'BookType': ['Fiction', 'Horror', 'Romance']
}

df = pd.DataFrame(data)

json_data = {}
for _, row in df.iterrows():
    user_id = row['userId']
    if user_id not in json_data:
        json_data[user_id] = []

    books = row['Books'].split(',')
    visit_data = {
        'readingTime': row['readingTime'],
        'Books': books,
        'BookType': row['BookType']
    }
    json_data[user_id].append(visit_data)

# Wrap the data with your main key
final_json = {'visitSummary': json_data}

with open('output.json', 'w') as json_file:
    json.dump(final_json, json_file, indent=2)

Output:

{
  "visitSummary": {
    "u1": [
      {
        "readingTime": 300,
        "Books": [
          "book1",
          "book2",
          "book3"
        ],
        "BookType": "Fiction"
      }
    ],
    "u2": [
      {
        "readingTime": 400,
        "Books": [
          "book4",
          "book5"
        ],
        "BookType": "Horror"
      },
      {
        "readingTime": 250,
        "Books": [
          "book6"
        ],
        "BookType": "Romance"
      }
    ]
  }
}

Try:

import json

# if values in Books are strings:
df["Books"] = df["Books"].str.split(",")

out = {}
for user_id, group in df.groupby("userId"):
    out[user_id] = []
    for reading_time, books, book_type in zip(
        group["readingTime"], group["Books"], group["BookType"]
    ):
        out[user_id].append(
            {"readingTime": reading_time, "Books": books, "BookType": book_type}
        )

out = {"visitSummary": out}
print(out)


with open("data.json", "w") as f_out:
    json.dump(out, f_out, indent=4)

Prints:

{
    "visitSummary": {
        "u1": [
            {
                "readingTime": 300,
                "Books": ["book1", "book2", "book3"],
                "BookType": "Fiction",
            }
        ],
        "u2": [
            {"readingTime": 400, "Books": ["book4", "book5"], "BookType": "Horror"},
            {"readingTime": 250, "Books": ["book6"], "BookType": "Romance"},
        ],
    }
}

and saves data.json file.

With split, groupby & to_dict :

out = {
    "visitSummary":
    (df.assign(Books=df["Books"].str.split(","))
       .groupby("userId").apply(lambda g: g.drop(
         columns=["userId", "visitId"]).to_dict("records")).to_dict())
}

Output :

import json; print(json.dumps(out, indent=4))
{
    "visitSummary": {
        "u1": [
            {
                "readingTime": 300,
                "Books": [
                    "book1",
                    "book2",
                    "book3"
                ],
                "BookType": "Fiction"
            }
        ],
        "u2": [
            {
                "readingTime": 400,
                "Books": [
                    "book4",
                    "book5"
                ],
                "BookType": "Horror"
            },
            {
                "readingTime": 250,
                "Books": [
                    "book6"
                ],
                "BookType": "Romance"
            }
        ]
    }
}

Split the Books column into a list of strings using Series.str.split(). You can then use .groupby(), .apply() and .to_json() to get the desired output:

df["Books"] = df["Books"].str.split(",")
groupby_func = lambda x: json.loads(x.drop(["userId", "visitId"], axis=1).to_json(orient="records", index=False)
groupby_result = df.groupby("userId").apply(groupby_func)).to_json(orient="index")
{"visitSummary": json.loads(groupby_result)}

This outputs:

{
    "visitSummary": {
        "u1": [
            {
                "readingTime": "300",
                "Books": [
                    "book1",
                    "book2",
                    "book3"
                ],
                "BookType": "Fiction"
            }
        ],
        "u2": [
            {
                "readingTime": "400",
                "Books": [
                    "book4",
                    "book5"
                ],
                "BookType": "Horror"
            },
            {
                "readingTime": "250",
                "Books": [
                    "book6"
                ],
                "BookType": "Romance"
            }
        ]
    }
}

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Pandas dataframe to Json transform – pythonic way

Answers