MySQL – How to maintain acceptable response time while querying with many filters (Should I use Redis?)

I have a table called users with a couple dozen columns such as height, weight, city, state, country, age, gender etc…

The only keys/indices on the table are for the columns id and email.

I have a search feature on my website that filters users based on these various columns. The query could contain anywhere from zero to a few dozen different where clauses (such as where `age` > 40).

The search is set to LIMIT 50 and ORDER BY `id`.

There are about 100k rows in the database right now.

If I perform a search with zero filters or loose filters, mysql basically just returns the first 50 rows and doesn’t have to read very many more rows than that. It usually takes less than 1 second to complete this type of query.

If I create a search with a lot of complex filters (for instance, 5+ where clauses), MySQL ends up reading through the entire database of 100k rows, trying to accumulate 50 valid rows, and the resulting query takes about 30 seconds.

How can I more efficiently query to improve the response time?

I am open to using caching (I already use Redis for other caching purposes, but I don’t know where to start with properly caching a MySQL table).

I am open to adding indices, although there are a lot of different combinations of where clauses that can be built. Also, several of the columns are JSON where I am searching for rows that contain certain elements. To my knowledge I don’t think an index is a viable solution for that type of query.

I am using MySQL version 8.0.15.