Question 38332 in Ubuntu Question posted in
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Problem when download Python package and then install from .whl files – Ubuntu

I want to download Python package pipy.org and move them to another machine and finally install that packages with downloaded .whl files in that machine
This is requirements.txt file:

amqp==5.1.1
anytree==2.8.0
asgiref==3.5.2
async-timeout==4.0.2
attrs==22.1.0
autobahn==22.7.1
Automat==22.10.0
beautifulsoup4==4.11.1
billiard==3.6.4.0
celery==5.2.7
certifi==2022.9.24
cffi==1.15.1
channels==4.0.0
channels-redis==4.0.0
charset-normalizer==2.1.1
click==8.1.3
click-didyoumean==0.3.0
click-plugins==1.1.1
click-repl==0.2.0
constantly==15.1.0
coreapi==2.3.3
coreschema==0.0.4
cryptography==38.0.3
daphne==4.0.0
Deprecated==1.2.13
Django==4.0.8
django-celery-beat==2.3.0
django-celery-results==2.4.0
django-filter==22.1
django-jalali==6.0.0
django-timezone-field==5.0
djangorestframework==3.14.0
djangorestframework-simplejwt==5.2.2
drf-yasg==1.21.4
et-xmlfile==1.1.0
gunicorn==20.1.0
h2==4.1.0
hpack==4.0.0
hyperframe==6.0.1
hyperlink==21.0.0
idna==3.4
incremental==22.10.0
inflection==0.5.1
itypes==1.2.0
jdatetime==4.1.0
Jinja2==3.1.2
kombu==5.2.4
lxml==4.9.1
MarkupSafe==2.1.1
msgpack==1.0.4
multitasking==0.0.11
numpy==1.23.3
openpyxl==3.0.10
packaging==21.3
pandas==1.5.0
pandas-datareader==0.10.0
Pillow==9.2.0
priority==1.3.0
prompt-toolkit==3.0.31
psutil==5.9.2
psycopg2==2.9.4
pyasn1==0.4.8
pyasn1-modules==0.2.8
pycparser==2.21
PyJWT==2.6.0
pyOpenSSL==22.1.0
pyparsing==3.0.9
python-crontab==2.6.0
python-dateutil==2.8.2
python-dotenv==0.21.0
pytz==2022.4
redis==4.3.4
requests==2.28.1
ruamel.yaml==0.17.21
ruamel.yaml.clib==0.2.7
service-identity==21.1.0
simplejson==3.17.6
six==1.16.0
soupsieve==2.3.2.post1
sqlparse==0.4.3
Twisted==22.10.0
txaio==22.2.1
typing_extensions==4.4.0
tzdata==2022.5
Unidecode==1.3.6
uritemplate==4.1.1
urllib3==1.26.12
vine==5.0.0
wcwidth==0.2.5
wrapt==1.14.1
yfinance==0.1.74
zope.interface==5.5.1

I did download packages with:

pip download -r requirements.txt

This is list of downloaded pacakges in ~/LocalPythonPackage directory:

→ ls 
amqp-5.1.1-py3-none-any.whl                                             lxml-4.9.1-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.manylinux_2_24_x86_64.whl
anytree-2.8.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl                                      MarkupSafe-2.1.1-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl
asgiref-3.5.2-py3-none-any.whl                                          msgpack-1.0.4-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl
async_timeout-4.0.2-py3-none-any.whl                                    multitasking-0.0.11-py3-none-any.whl
attrs-22.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl                                       numpy-1.23.3-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl
autobahn-22.7.1.tar.gz                                                  openpyxl-3.0.10-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Automat-22.10.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl                                    packaging-21.3-py3-none-any.whl
beautifulsoup4-4.11.1-py3-none-any.whl                                  pandas-1.5.0-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl
billiard-3.6.4.0-py3-none-any.whl                                       pandas_datareader-0.10.0-py3-none-any.whl
celery-5.2.7-py3-none-any.whl                                           Pillow-9.2.0-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl
certifi-2022.9.24-py3-none-any.whl                                      priority-1.3.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
cffi-1.15.1-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl  prompt_toolkit-3.0.31-py3-none-any.whl
channels-4.0.0-py3-none-any.whl                                         psutil-5.9.2-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_12_x86_64.manylinux2010_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl
channels_redis-4.0.0-py3-none-any.whl                                   psycopg2-2.9.4.tar.gz
charset_normalizer-2.1.1-py3-none-any.whl                               pyasn1-0.4.8-py2.py3-none-any.whl
click-8.1.3-py3-none-any.whl                                            pyasn1_modules-0.2.8-py2.py3-none-any.whl
click_didyoumean-0.3.0-py3-none-any.whl                                 pycparser-2.21-py2.py3-none-any.whl
click_plugins-1.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl                                PyJWT-2.6.0-py3-none-any.whl
click_repl-0.2.0-py3-none-any.whl                                       pyOpenSSL-22.1.0-py3-none-any.whl
constantly-15.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl                                  pyparsing-3.0.9-py3-none-any.whl
coreapi-2.3.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl                                      python-crontab-2.6.0.tar.gz
coreschema-0.0.4.tar.gz                                                 python_dateutil-2.8.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl
cryptography-38.0.3-cp36-abi3-manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl                 python_dotenv-0.21.0-py3-none-any.whl
daphne-4.0.0-py3-none-any.whl                                           pytz-2022.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Deprecated-1.2.13-py2.py3-none-any.whl                                  redis-4.3.4-py3-none-any.whl
Django-4.0.8-py3-none-any.whl                                           requests-2.28.1-py3-none-any.whl
django_celery_beat-2.3.0-py3-none-any.whl                               ruamel.yaml-0.17.21-py3-none-any.whl
django_celery_results-2.4.0-py3-none-any.whl                            ruamel.yaml.clib-0.2.7-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.manylinux_2_24_x86_64.whl
django_filter-22.1-py3-none-any.whl                                     service_identity-21.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
django_jalali-6.0.0-py3-none-any.whl                                    setuptools-65.6.3-py3-none-any.whl
djangorestframework-3.14.0-py3-none-any.whl                             simplejson-3.17.6-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_5_x86_64.manylinux1_x86_64.manylinux_2_12_x86_64.manylinux2010_x86_64.whl
djangorestframework_simplejwt-5.2.2-py3-none-any.whl                    six-1.16.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
django_timezone_field-5.0-py3-none-any.whl                              soupsieve-2.3.2.post1-py3-none-any.whl
drf_yasg-1.21.4-py3-none-any.whl                                        sqlparse-0.4.3-py3-none-any.whl
et_xmlfile-1.1.0-py3-none-any.whl                                       Twisted-22.10.0-py3-none-any.whl
gunicorn-20.1.0-py3-none-any.whl                                        txaio-22.2.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
h2-4.1.0-py3-none-any.whl                                               typing_extensions-4.4.0-py3-none-any.whl
hpack-4.0.0-py3-none-any.whl                                            tzdata-2022.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl
hyperframe-6.0.1-py3-none-any.whl                                       Unidecode-1.3.6-py3-none-any.whl
hyperlink-21.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl                                   uritemplate-4.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
idna-3.4-py3-none-any.whl                                               urllib3-1.26.12-py2.py3-none-any.whl
incremental-22.10.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl                                vine-5.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
inflection-0.5.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl                                   wcwidth-0.2.5-py2.py3-none-any.whl
itypes-1.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl                                       wrapt-1.14.1-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_5_x86_64.manylinux1_x86_64.manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl
jdatetime-4.1.0-py3-none-any.whl                                        yfinance-0.1.74-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Jinja2-3.1.2-py3-none-any.whl                                           zope.interface-5.5.1-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_5_x86_64.manylinux1_x86_64.manylinux_2_12_x86_64.manylinux2010_x86_64.whl

and after copy all `.whl files to traget computer, I did run this code:

pip install --no-index --find-links ~/LocalPythonPackage -r requirements.txt

But I got this error:

ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement MarkupSafe==2.1.1 (from versions: none)
ERROR: No matching distribution found for MarkupSafe==2.1.1

I use python3.11 and Ubuntu 20.04.5 LTS in both computers. I think that, this problem is for dependencies or different in OS.
Can you help me to solve this problem?

Tags:

2

Answers


  1. 0

    You use Python 3.11 but wheels you show above are for Python 3.10. You should download packages on a host with the same processor architecture (x64 seems to be your case), the same OS and version (Ubuntu 20) and the same minor Python version (Python 3.11.*, that is any Python 3.11 does but not Python 3.10) as the target host.

    Or use Python 3.10 on the offline host.

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  2. 0

    TL;DR

    You need to use --platform and --only-binary=:all: (sometimes need to specify --abi and --python-version as well) flags to download wheels that is compatible with your installation target machine.

    pip3 download --only-binary=:all: --platform manylinux2014_aarch64 -r requirements.txt

    (Important: if your target machine is not aarch64 architecture, replace the manylinux2014_aarch64 with the correct platform tag)

    Some wheels are platform dependent

    The error happens because pip can’t install the MarkupSafe wheel you provided in the directory, therefore it says it can’t find a valid distribution.

    Since you mentioned the two computers are same in Python version and OS distribution, I’m gonna guess that the two computers you use are different in architectures. (ex. the target computer is aarch64)

    The following explanation and solution are based on this guess.

    The Python Packaging User Guide states a Python wheel could be either a "pure Python wheel" or a "platform wheel". When a Python package contains extensions that requires compilation, the produced wheel will be platform-specific and cannot be installed on other non-compatible platforms.

    In your case, the wheel MarkupSafe-2.1.1-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl is a platform wheel built for Python 3.10 runtime, manylinux2014 and x86_64 architecture machines.

    The wheel filename is defined in PEP 491, formatted as {distribution}-{version}(-{build tag})?-{python tag}-{abi tag}-{platform tag}.whl.

    The last three components of the filename before the extension are called “compatibility tags.” The compatibility tags express the package’s basic interpreter requirements and are detailed in PEP 425.

    Hence by the name of a wheel (to be precise, the last three component in the filename) you can find out if it is a pure Python wheel or a platform wheel.

    Newer Python versions (except different major versions) can still install platform wheels built for older minor versions

    Another answer in the post says you need to install a wheel that has the same miner Python version in the Python tag, but that is usually not true.

    According to PEP 425:

    The tags are used by installers to decide which built distribution (if any) to download from a list of potential built distributions. The installer maintains a list of (pyver, abi, arch) tuples that it will support. If the built distribution’s tag is in the list, then it can be installed.

    That means pip is responsible for make decision whether a distribution could be installed on the current system.

    Let’s take a look at the source code of pip. The CandidateEvaluator evaluate possible distribution candidates when trying to install a package.

    If you trace the code all the way to _py_interpreter_range, you’ll find out a list of older Python minor versions are appended to the supported tags in descending order.

    For Python 3.11, Python 3.10, Python 3.9, Python 3.8… are all considered supported tags for pip.

    Solution

    pip download with the --platform, --python-version, --implementation, and --abi options provides the ability to fetch dependencies for an interpreter and system other than the ones that pip is running on. --only-binary=:all: or --no-deps is required when using any of these options.

    from https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/cli/pip_download/.

    To download MarkupSafe for manylinux2014_aarch64:

    $ pip3 download --only-binary=:all: --platform manylinux2014_aarch64 MarkupSafe

    And change your package preparation command to:

    pip3 download --only-binary=:all: --platform manylinux2014_aarch64 -r requirements.txt
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