Visual Studio Code – View is not found when a Web App is deployed with Azure DevOps

I just migrated my Asp.Net MVC web application from .Net 2.2 to 8.0. I built and deployed the application as a Web App on Azure DevOps. When I tried to run the application in a browser, I get HTTP Error 500.0 – Internal Server Error.

I tried to diagnose using Application Insights, and found an exception:

The view ‘Index’ was not found. The following locations were searched:

/Views/Home/Index.cshtml
/Views/Shared/Index.cshtml
/Pages/Shared/Index.cshtml

I don’t understand what could cause this, as the file is present in my project, and it runs successfully on my local computer from Visual Studio.

ADDED:

My application uses Startup.cs.

Before migration, it has the following code:

        app.UseMvc(routes =>
        {
            routes.MapRoute(
                name: "default",
                template: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
        });

It was replaced with this:

        app.UseRouting();
        ...
        app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
        {
            endpoints.MapControllerRoute(
                name: "default",
                pattern: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
            endpoints.MapRazorPages();
        });

And here is my Azure pipeline:

variables:
- name: BuildParameters.RestoreBuildProjects
  value: '**/*.csproj'
trigger:
  branches:
    include:
    - refs/heads/master
name: $(date:yyyyMMdd)$(rev:.r)
jobs:
- job: Job_1
  displayName: Agent job 1
  pool:
    vmImage: windows-latest
  steps:
  - checkout: self
  - task: UseDotNet@2
    displayName: Use .NET Core sdk 8.0.x
    inputs:
      version: 8.0.x
  - task: DotNetCoreCLI@2
    displayName: Restore
    inputs:
      command: restore
      projects: $(BuildParameters.RestoreBuildProjects)
      feedRestore: a1dd11ff-23bd-23dd-9782-e9876d2569db
  - task: DotNetCoreCLI@2
    displayName: Build
    inputs:
      projects: $(BuildParameters.RestoreBuildProjects)
      arguments: --configuration $(BuildConfiguration)
  - task: DotNetCoreCLI@2
    displayName: Publish
    inputs:
      command: publish
      publishWebProjects: True
      projects: $(BuildParameters.RestoreBuildProjects)
      arguments: --configuration $(BuildConfiguration) --output 
$(build.artifactstagingdirectory)
      zipAfterPublish: True
  - task: PublishBuildArtifacts@1
    displayName: Publish Artifact
    condition: succeededOrFailed()
    inputs:
      PathtoPublish: $(build.artifactstagingdirectory)
      TargetPath:   '\myshare$(Build.DefinitionName)$(Build.BuildNumber)'

And here is my folder structure:

ADDED:

I downloaded the artifacts and copied them into the bin/Debug/net8.0 folder on my computer, and then ran from Visual Studio. The application worked as expected.
Then I tried to run it without Visual Studio, from the executable directly. This time it got me the same error, as on Azure:

warn: Microsoft.AspNetCore.HttpsPolicy.HttpsRedirectionMiddleware[3]
  Failed to determine the https port for redirect.
fail: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ViewFeatures.ViewResultExecutor[3]
  The view 'Index' was not found. Searched locations: /Views/Home/Index.cshtml, /Views/Shared/Index.cshtml, /Pages/Shared/Index.cshtml
fail: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Diagnostics.ExceptionHandlerMiddleware[1]
  An unhandled exception has occurred while executing the request.
  System.InvalidOperationException: The view 'Index' was not found. The following locations were searched:
  /Views/Home/Index.cshtml
  /Views/Shared/Index.cshtml
  /Pages/Shared/Index.cshtml
     at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ViewEngines.ViewEngineResult.EnsureSuccessful(IEnumerable`1 originalLocations)
     at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ViewFeatures.ViewResultExecutor.ExecuteAsync(ActionContext context, ViewResult result)
     at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ViewResult.ExecuteResultAsync(ActionContext context)
     at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Infrastructure.ResourceInvoker.<InvokeResultAsync>g__Logged|22_0(ResourceInvoker invoker, IActionResult result)
     at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Infrastructure.ResourceInvoker.<InvokeNextResultFilterAsync>g__Awaited|30_0[TFilter,TFilterAsync](ResourceInvoker invoker, Task lastTask, State next, Scope scope, Object state, Boolean isCompleted)
     at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Infrastructure.ResourceInvoker.Rethrow(ResultExecutedContextSealed context)
     at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Infrastructure.ResourceInvoker.ResultNext[TFilter,TFilterAsync](State& next, Scope& scope, Object& state, Boolean& isCompleted)
     at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Infrastructure.ResourceInvoker.InvokeResultFilters()
  --- End of stack trace from previous location ---
     at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Infrastructure.ResourceInvoker.<InvokeNextResourceFilter>g__Awaited|25_0(ResourceInvoker invoker, Task lastTask, State next, Scope scope, Object state, Boolean isCompleted)
     at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Infrastructure.ResourceInvoker.Rethrow(ResourceExecutedContextSealed context)
     at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Infrastructure.ResourceInvoker.Next(State& next, Scope& scope, Object& state, Boolean& isCompleted)
     at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Infrastructure.ResourceInvoker.InvokeFilterPipelineAsync()
  --- End of stack trace from previous location ---
     at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Infrastructure.ResourceInvoker.<InvokeAsync>g__Logged|17_1(ResourceInvoker invoker)
     at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Infrastructure.ResourceInvoker.<InvokeAsync>g__Logged|17_1(ResourceInvoker invoker)
     at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization.AuthorizationMiddleware.Invoke(HttpContext context)
     at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.AuthenticationMiddleware.Invoke(HttpContext context)
     at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.AuthenticationMiddleware.Invoke(HttpContext context)
     at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Diagnostics.ExceptionHandlerMiddlewareImpl.<Invoke>g__Awaited|10_0(ExceptionHandlerMiddlewareImpl middleware, HttpContext context, Task task)
fail: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ViewFeatures.ViewResultExecutor[3]
  The view 'Error' was not found. Searched locations: /Views/Home/Error.cshtml, /Views/Shared/Error.cshtml, /Pages/Shared/Error.cshtml
fail: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Diagnostics.ExceptionHandlerMiddleware[3]
  An exception was thrown attempting to execute the error handler.
  System.InvalidOperationException: The view 'Error' was not found. The following locations were searched:
  /Views/Home/Error.cshtml
  /Views/Shared/Error.cshtml
  /Pages/Shared/Error.cshtml