Why isn’t WordPress shortcode working in home.html?

As @Aldevisign pointed out in his answer this is intended behaviour with the newest wordpress update to version 6.2.1.

It is a security issue with the Shortcode block that should only affect pages, where non-trusted people can upload/post anything therefore on most or at least some pages this is not an issue for security. (If you want to know more look at the links in @Aldevisign's answer.

Here is a fix/workaround I found in one of the links provided in the answer:

Either create a plugin or just put a function.php in the root of the theme with the following code:

<?php
/*
Plugin Name: Fix shortcode
Plugin URI:
Description: Restore shortcode support on block templates https://core.trac.wordpress.org/ticket/58333
Author: Anderson Martins, Gabriel Mariani
Version: 0.2.0
*/

function parse_inner_blocks(&$parsed_block)
{
    if (isset($parsed_block['innerBlocks'])) {
        foreach ($parsed_block['innerBlocks'] as $key => &$inner_block) {
            if (!empty($inner_block['innerContent'])) {
                foreach ($inner_block['innerContent'] as &$inner_content) {
                    if (empty($inner_content)) {
                        continue;
                    }

                    $inner_content = do_shortcode($inner_content);
                }
            }
            if (isset($inner_block['innerBlocks'])) {
                $inner_block = parse_inner_blocks($inner_block);
            }
        }
    }

    return $parsed_block;
}

add_filter('render_block_data', function ($parsed_block) {

    if (isset($parsed_block['innerContent'])) {
        foreach ($parsed_block['innerContent'] as &$inner_content) {
            if (empty($inner_content)) {
                continue;
            }

            $inner_content = do_shortcode($inner_content);
        }
    }

    $parsed_block = parse_inner_blocks($parsed_block);

    return $parsed_block;
}, 10, 1);

Credits for the code: https://core.trac.wordpress.org/ticket/58333#comment:72

It made the ShortCodes on my page work again. (Only tested the theme/funciton.php version though.