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Android Studio – MediaSessionCompat:Targeting S+ (version 31 and above) requires that one of FLAG_IMMUTABLE or FLAG_MUTABLE be specified when creating a PendingIntent

I’m trying to update my application to Android SDK 31 but I’m having an issue with MediaSessionCompat.

I have a MediaService that extends the MediaBrowserServiceCompat() and in method onCreate of that service I initialise the MediaSessionCompat.

override fun onCreate() {
  super.onCreate()
  mediaSession = MediaSessionCompat(this, TAG).apply {
    setCallback(mediaSessionCallback)
    isActive = true
  }
...

But I’m having the following error

java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to create service com.radio.core.service.MediaService: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: com.xxx.xxx: Targeting S+ (version 31 and above) requires that one of FLAG_IMMUTABLE or FLAG_MUTABLE be specified when creating a PendingIntent.
    Strongly consider using FLAG_IMMUTABLE, only use FLAG_MUTABLE if some functionality depends on the PendingIntent being mutable, e.g. if it needs to be used with inline replies or bubbles.
        at android.app.ActivityThread.handleCreateService(ActivityThread.java:4498)
        at android.app.ActivityThread.access$1500(ActivityThread.java:250)
        at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:2064)
        at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:106)
        at android.os.Looper.loopOnce(Looper.java:201)
        at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:288)
        at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:7829)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
        at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:548)
        at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:982)
     Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: com.xxx.xxx: Targeting S+ (version 31 and above) requires that one of FLAG_IMMUTABLE or FLAG_MUTABLE be specified when creating a PendingIntent.
    Strongly consider using FLAG_IMMUTABLE, only use FLAG_MUTABLE if some functionality depends on the PendingIntent being mutable, e.g. if it needs to be used with inline replies or bubbles.
        at android.app.PendingIntent.checkFlags(PendingIntent.java:375)
        at android.app.PendingIntent.getBroadcastAsUser(PendingIntent.java:645)
        at android.app.PendingIntent.getBroadcast(PendingIntent.java:632)
        at android.support.v4.media.session.MediaSessionCompat.<init>(MediaSessionCompat.java:567)
        at android.support.v4.media.session.MediaSessionCompat.<init>(MediaSessionCompat.java:537)
        at android.support.v4.media.session.MediaSessionCompat.<init>(MediaSessionCompat.java:501)
        at android.support.v4.media.session.MediaSessionCompat.<init>(MediaSessionCompat.java:475)
        at com.radio.core.service.MediaService.onCreate(MediaService.kt:63)
        at android.app.ActivityThread.handleCreateService(ActivityThread.java:4485)
            ... 9 more

I’m using the most recent version of media library ("androidx.media:media:1.4.0") that is able to handle the this requirement from the Andriod "S"". As it’s possible to see in the MediaSessionCompact.java class.


// TODO(b/182513352): Use PendingIntent.FLAG_MUTABLE instead from S.
/**
 * @hide
 */
@RestrictTo(LIBRARY)
public static final int PENDING_INTENT_FLAG_MUTABLE = 
  Build.VERSION.CODENAME.equals("S") ? 0x02000000 : 0;

...

if (mbrComponent != null && mbrIntent == null) {
  // construct a PendingIntent for the media button
  Intent mediaButtonIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MEDIA_BUTTON);
  // the associated intent will be handled by the component being registered
  mediaButtonIntent.setComponent(mbrComponent);
  mbrIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(context,
    0/* requestCode, ignored */, mediaButtonIntent,
    PENDING_INTENT_FLAG_MUTABLE);
}

Source code demonstrating the problem – https://github.com/adelinolobao/issue-media-session-compat

Do you guys have any idea how can I fix the error?

Tags:

18

Answers


  1. 0

    If your app targets Android 12, you must specify the mutability of each PendingIntent object that your app creates.

    In your case, android.support.v4.media.session.MediaSessionCompat was responsible for creating PendingItent during initialization of MediaSessionCompat.

    Solution:
    Luckily, there is an additional @constructor for the MediaSessionCompat class, so we can pass pendingItent as a parameter.
    If we pass null for the component param, it will be initialized in the library.

    override fun onCreate() {
        super.onCreate()

        val mediaButtonIntent = Intent(Intent.ACTION_MEDIA_BUTTON)
        val pendingItent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(
            baseContext,
            0, mediaButtonIntent,
            PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE
        )

        mediaSession = MediaSessionCompat(baseContext, TAG, null, pendingItent).also {
            it.isActive = true
        }

        sessionToken = mediaSession.sessionToken
        packageValidator = PackageValidator(this@MediaService, R.xml.allowed_media_browser_callers)
    }

    Source code: https://github.com/dautovicharis/issue-media-session-compat

    Update:
    Thanks go to:

    In version 1.3.0 there were new changes in MediaSessionCompat where we can clearly see that something is missing related to Android 12 based on TODO(b/182513352) comment.

    Until new androidx.media:media: is released, using the workaround I have provided should work just fine.

    Update:
    We hope that TODO(b/182513352) will be fixed in upcoming releases.
    Until then, we can use implementation "androidx.media:media:1.3.0-rc02" where FLAG_IMMUTABLE is supported.

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  2. 0

    If you are NOT USING PendingIntent anywhere. The issue might be resolved by adding or updating this dependency

        // required to avoid crash on Android 12 API 31
    implementation 'androidx.work:work-runtime-ktx:2.7.1'

    This fixed my problem.

    You can execute ./gradlew app:dependencies in the terminal in your project and discover what dependency is including work-runtime with and older version. Then you can try to upgrade that dependency in an effort of do the things right

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  3. 0

    Solved This Error
    Just Used PendingIntent.FLAG_MUTABLE for Android Version 12 OR Above

    PendingIntent pendingIntent = null;
    if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.S) {
        pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity
               (this, 0, notificationIntent, PendingIntent.FLAG_MUTABLE);
    }
    else
    {
         pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity
                (this, 0, notificationIntent, PendingIntent.FLAG_ONE_SHOT);
    }
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  4. 0

    For those using Java:

    Add the following line to your build.gradle(app) under dependencies.

    dependencies {
  // ...
  implementation 'androidx.work:work-runtime:2.7.1'
}
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  5. 0

    This should be fixed now if you update to version at least 1.4.1

    https://developer.android.com/jetpack/androidx/releases/media#media-1.4.1

    Version 1.4.1
    August 4, 2021

    androidx.media:media:1.4.1 is released. Version 1.4.1 contains these commits.

    Bug Fixes

    • Fix mutability flag for creating PendingIntent to prevent crash when targeting Android S.
    • Fix ClassVerificationFailure for NotificationCompat.MediaStyle.
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  6. 0

    For me, I had to upgrade

        liteImplementation "com.google.android.gms:play-services-ads:20.4.0"

    to

        liteImplementation "com.google.android.gms:play-services-ads:20.6.0"

    Apparently play-services-ads:20.4.0 has a dependency on a version of work-runtime which doesn’t support sdk 31.

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  7. 0

    If you are not using pending intent in your app then try this one.
    implementation ‘androidx.work:work-runtime-ktx:2.7.0’

    else If you are using pending intent, then change this

    pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(
                        this,
                        0, intentToLaunchThisActivityFromNotification,
                        PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);

    to:

       if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.S) {
       pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(
                        this,
                        0, intentToLaunchThisActivityFromNotification,
                        PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
   }
   else
   {
       pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(
                        this,
                        0, intentToLaunchThisActivityFromNotification,
                        PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);
   }

    or for C#/Xamarin.Android:

       PendingIntent pendingIntent = null;
   if (Build.VERSION.SdkInt >= Android.OS.BuildVersionCodes.S)
   {
      pendingIntent = PendingIntent.GetActivity(mContext, 0, intent, PendingIntentFlags.Mutable);
   }
   else
   {
                        pendingIntent = PendingIntent.GetActivity(mContext, 0, intent, PendingIntentFlags.OneShot);
   }
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  8. 0
    1. Add the following line to the build.gradle(app)
    implementation 'androidx.work:work-runtime:2.7.1'
    1. Add the following permission to the Manifest.xml
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SCHEDULE_EXACT_ALARM"/>
    1. Modify the pending intent as the following

    if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.S) { alarmManager.setRepeating(AlarmManager.RTC_WAKEUP, calendar.getTimeInMillis(), AlarmManager.INTERVAL_DAY, PendingIntent.getBroadcast(getApplicationContext(), 0, alertIntent, PendingIntent.FLAG_MUTABLE)); } else { alarmManager.setRepeating(AlarmManager.RTC_WAKEUP, calendar.getTimeInMillis(), AlarmManager.INTERVAL_DAY, PendingIntent.getBroadcast(getApplicationContext(), 0, alertIntent, PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT)); }

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  9. 0

    I updated your libraries after changing SdkVersion to 31, then error is gone

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  10. 0

    If using java or react-native then paste this inside app/build.gradle

    dependencies {
  // ...
  implementation 'androidx.work:work-runtime:2.7.1'
}

    If using Kotlin then use this

    dependencies {
  // ...
  implementation 'androidx.work:work-runtime-ktx:2.7.0'
}

    Error when using PendingIntent

    if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.S) {

 

               pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(
                        this,
                        0, intentToLaunchThisActivityFromNotification,
                        PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
            }
            else
            {
                 pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(
                        this,
                        0, intentToLaunchThisActivityFromNotification,
                        PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);
            }

    and if anybody still facing the crash issue for android 12 then make sure you add following in AndroidMenifest.xml

    <activity 
   ...
   android:exported="true" // in most cases it is true but based on requirements it can be false also   
>   


   // If using react-native push notifications then make sure to add into it also

 <receiver   
android:name="com.dieam.reactnativepushnotification.modules.RNPushNotificationBootEventReceiver" android:exported="true">
 
   //  Similarly
 
 <service android:name="com.dieam.reactnativepushnotification.modules.RNPushNotificationListenerService" android:exported="true">
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  11. 0

    Upgrade app targets with Android Version 12 or S, Just Used PendingIntent.FLAG_MUTABLE and PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE

    int intentFlagType = PendingIntent.FLAG_ONE_SHOT;
if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.S) {
    intentFlagType = PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE;  // or only use FLAG_MUTABLE >> if it needs to be used with inline replies or bubbles.
}
PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(context, notificationID, intent, intentFlagType);
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  12. 0

    This is working for me ->

    PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(context, REQUEST_CODE, intent, PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE | PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);

    Change in notification.java

    PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE

    100% working

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  13. 0

    I am using Flag mutable for shedule call class

    alarmMgr = (AlarmManager) getSystemService(Context.ALARM_SERVICE);
alarmIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(this, 0, new Intent(this, AlarmReceiver.class), PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE | PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT);
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  14. 0

    Sometimes you just need to update the Gradle build tool in Android studio. Simply upgrading to the latest version ironed out the issues that led to this for me.

    To update to the latest version of Gradle, simple click the little Gradle update dialog that shows up at the bottom right corner of Android Studio.

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  15. 0

    Two changes are to be made

    1. Update your work library dependency as shown below

    def work_version = "2.7.0"

    // (Java only)
implementation "androidx.work:work-runtime:$work_version"    

// Kotlin + coroutines
implementation "androidx.work:work-runtime-ktx:$work_version"

    1. Add FLAG_IMMUTABLE while creating pending intent

      PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(context, 0, intent, FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
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  16. 0

    In my case, the reason is about old version Chuck library..

    I have changed it from

    implementation 'com.readystatesoftware.chuck:library:1.1.0'

    to new implementation like

    dependencies {
  debugImplementation "com.github.chuckerteam.chucker:library:3.5.2"
  releaseImplementation "com.github.chuckerteam.chucker:library-no-op:3.5.2"
}

val client = OkHttpClient.Builder()
                .addInterceptor(ChuckerInterceptor(context))
                .build()


android {
  compileOptions {
    sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
    targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
  }

  // For Kotlin projects add also this line
  kotlinOptions.jvmTarget = "1.8"
}

    then crash was gone.

    See the documentation : https://github.com/ChuckerTeam/chucker

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  17. 0

    Updating the version of the com.google.android.gms:play-services-analytics dependency to 18.0.1 in the build.gradle file solved an issue I was experiencing. In Ionic, you can also change the version in the config.xm

      <plugin name="cordova-plugin-google-analytics" spec="1.8.6">
        <variable name="PLAY_SERVICES_VERSION" value="18.0.1" />
        <variable name="GMS_VERSION" value="18.0.1" />
    </plugin>

    or removing and adding the plugin again adding the parameters with the proper versions for PLAY_SERVICES_VERSION and GMS_VERSION.

    Also becareful, make sure if you do this change that you change all play services to the same version (18.+ in my case), for example I use cordova-plugin-googleplus, so you should change also the PLAY_SERVICES_VERSION for this plugin and all that inject a play-services dependency in the build.gradle file after the build.

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  18. 0

    In my case, I copied the implementation for hilt of other project that contains the hilt-worker while the current project is not implemented worker library yet and the error occurs.

    implementation 'androidx.hilt:hilt-work:1.0.0'

    I solved by just remove it, or implement the worker library if you need to use worker as the best answers above. Hope it can help

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