On triangular meshes, when the color is defined in a per-vertex way, the colors are linearly interpolated across each triangle, so the result is precisely the expected one.
If you need just a way of looking at a few vertices, just enable the visualization of selected vertices and select them.
On the other hand, if you just need to reduce the color’s spread, refine the mesh so that the underlying triangles are smaller, and the color is interpolated across a smaller area.
You can get something quite similar to your desired behavior.
The color dispersion is due to Gouraud shading. You can disable it clicking in the tab of face render options and change color button from "vertex" to "face" or "user defined"
To render vertex as "balls with color"
Click on the tab of vertex and choose the option Dot Decorator (1)
Change the size of dots with the Point Size Bar (2)
Let the color buttons in "mesh", not "user defined"
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Answers
On triangular meshes, when the color is defined in a per-vertex way, the colors are linearly interpolated across each triangle, so the result is precisely the expected one.
If you need just a way of looking at a few vertices, just enable the visualization of selected vertices and select them.
On the other hand, if you just need to reduce the color’s spread, refine the mesh so that the underlying triangles are smaller, and the color is interpolated across a smaller area.
You can get something quite similar to your desired behavior.
The color dispersion is due to Gouraud shading. You can disable it clicking in the tab of face render options and change color button from "vertex" to "face" or "user defined"
To render vertex as "balls with color"
Dot Decorator
(1)Point Size
Bar (2)